UCMJ Article 99: Misbehavior Before the Enemy
Article 99 lists nine forms of misconduct by a member of the armed forces "before or in the presence of the enemy," from running away and…
UCMJ Article 123: Offenses Concerning Government Computers
Article 123 punishes three kinds of misconduct involving a computer owned or operated by or for the U.S. Government: accessing it with an unauthorized purpose to…
UCMJ Article 103b: Aiding the Enemy
Article 103b reaches any person, whether or not otherwise subject to military law, who aids the enemy with arms, money, supplies, or other things, or who…
UCMJ Article 132: Retaliation
Article 132 punishes using a personnel action to retaliate against someone for reporting a crime or making a protected communication, or to discourage such a report.…
UCMJ Article 104b: Unlawful Enlistment, Appointment, or Separation
Article 104b is aimed at the official on the other side of the desk: the person who effects an enlistment, appointment, or separation of someone the…
UCMJ Articles 124a and 124b: Bribery and Graft
Bribery and graft both punish a thing of value passing in connection with an official matter in which the United States is interested, on either side…
UCMJ Article 98: Misconduct as a Prisoner
Article 98 applies to service members held by the enemy in time of war. It punishes a prisoner who, to win better treatment from the captors,…
UCMJ Article 119: Manslaughter
Manslaughter is an unlawful killing that is not murder. Voluntary manslaughter is an intentional killing in the heat of sudden passion caused by adequate provocation, punishable…
UCMJ Article 97: Unlawful Detention
Article 97 punishes a person who has authority under the UCMJ to apprehend, arrest, or confine, and exercises it unlawfully. It does not cover private acts…
UCMJ Article 134: Drunk and Disorderly Conduct
The Manual for Courts-Martial treats disorderly conduct, drunkenness, and drunk and disorderly conduct as one Article 134 offense with seven maximum-punishment tiers, and the tier depends…
UCMJ Article 133: Conduct Unbecoming an Officer
Article 133 applies only to commissioned officers, cadets, and midshipmen. It punishes acts or omissions that, under the circumstances, dishonor or disgrace the person as an…
UCMJ Article 91: Insubordinate Conduct Toward Warrant Officer, NCO, or Petty Officer
Article 91 protects warrant officers, noncommissioned officers, and petty officers from assault, willful disobedience, and contempt or disrespect by warrant officers and enlisted members. Unlike the…
UCMJ Article 112: Drunkenness and Other Incapacitation Offenses
Article 112 does not punish drinking. It punishes three specific situations: being drunk on duty, being incapacitated for the proper performance of duty because of earlier…
UCMJ Article 81: Conspiracy
Conspiracy under Article 81 is an agreement to commit an offense plus one overt act by any member of the agreement, and it is punished separately…
UCMJ Article 131e: Prevention of Authorized Seizure of Property
Article 131e punishes destroying, removing, or otherwise disposing of property to keep it from being seized, when the accused knows that persons authorized to make searches…
UCMJ Article 120: Rape and Sexual Assault
Article 120 punishes four offenses against adults, and the exposure turns on two questions: was there a "sexual act" or only "sexual contact," and how was…
UCMJ Article 90: Willfully Disobeying a Superior Commissioned Officer
Article 90 is the offense of intentionally defying a lawful, specific order given personally by a superior commissioned officer. In peacetime the maximum is a dishonorable…
UCMJ Article 107: False Official Statements and False Swearing
Article 107 contains two offenses. A false official statement is an official statement or signed document the accused knows is false, made with intent to deceive;…
UCMJ Article 131d: Wrongful Refusal to Testify
Article 131d punishes a person who, before a court-martial or one of the other listed military proceedings, wrongfully refuses to take the witness oath or to…
UCMJ Article 134: Dishonorably Failing to Pay Just Debts
Being in debt is not a crime under the UCMJ, and neither is failing to pay through negligence. This Article 134 offense requires nonpayment marked by…
UCMJ Article 131c: Misprision of a Serious Offense
Misprision is knowing that someone else committed a serious offense, taking a positive step to conceal it, and failing to report it to civilian or military…
UCMJ Article 93: Cruelty and Maltreatment
Article 93 punishes cruelty, oppression, or maltreatment of anyone "subject to his orders," a relationship that reaches beyond the accused's own chain of command. The harm…
UCMJ Article 123a: Making, Drawing, or Uttering a Check Without Sufficient Funds
Article 123a makes a bad check a crime when, at the moment the check is written or passed, the person knows it will not be covered…
UCMJ Article 131b: Obstructing Justice
Obstructing justice is doing any wrongful act, in the case of someone the accused has reason to believe faces criminal or disciplinary proceedings, with intent to…
UCMJ Article 117: Provoking Speeches or Gestures
Article 117 punishes provoking or reproachful words or gestures toward another person subject to the UCMJ. Words or gestures qualify when used in that person's presence…